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Wednesday, March 12, 2008

Native American Literature

TEARS OF A NATION
I met a man of many colors
And a tear was upon his cheek.
"Old man" I ask, "why do you cry
With such an agonizing weep?"
"Oh child" this man he says to me,
"My heart is broken in so many ways
That I believe this day to end
Will find me out stretched and far within
The encompassing earth of sin."
I sat down beside this man
And asked him "do not cry.
For what you think is so bad
That life will pass you by?"
He looks at me with such sad eyes.
And weeps ever more.
He holds his hands out to me
And alas, I do see
The anguish of his heart.
For his hands were different colors
One is red and the other white,
A leg he unclothed for me
Was as yellow as could be
And his other leg as black as night.
"I am the father of the world.
In case you do not know.
And my children have grown apart
And fight among themselves.
For when they do not get along
My arms and legs and hands and feet
Destroys the very life of me.
My hands of red and white
Will not feed this face of night.
And my legs of black and yellow,
Will not stand beneath this body
And support my heart and soul.
For they argue far too much,
And now I have grown old.
So here I sit in this haven
Of unwelcomeness.
And when this day ends,
A father I will not be.
For my children of many nations
Have forgotten how to accompany me.

LneStarLdy


This poem dictates the suffering of the father of all races. Due to the conflict between all races, their "father", who could symbolize God, sees all of his children attack and kill each other. The war raging between different races is often caused simply because they are different. The war between races has gone on since the races first encountered each other. People fear anything that is different and seek to dispose of any such thing. The man of many colors is torn apart by watching his children fight each other.

The children ignore their similar origin and instead rage war against each other. Despite all their similarities single traits are punished. Without further analyzing others it can not be assumed that they are dangerous. By striking first against race, a circle of hate and violence is sometimes created. When the circle is created it is often never-ending, which means racial war and persecution will be perpetual in these cases. Until this war is ended earth can never have peace.

Diary:

The amount of racial discrimination in society today is disturbing. It tears communities apart and ruins racial equality. By reducing discrimination conflict and sorrow are reduced greatly. It is detrimental that this discrimination is rooted out, however long that will take. By doing so many problems can be solved. However, the cycle of discrimination and violence is often perpetual, meaning ending this "race war" is harder than it may appear.

Essentional Question:

Although the American Dream does not apply to Native Americans they did have a dream of their own. The Native Americans dreamed mostly of peace

Plymouth Plantation

http://spider.georgetowncollege.edu/english/coke/bradford.htm

Excerpt from Plymouth Plantation:

After they had enjoyed fair winds and weather for a season, they were encountered many times with cross winds and met with many fierce storms with which the ship was soundly shaken, and her upper works made very leaky; and one of the main beams in the mid-ship was bowed and cracked, which put them in some fear that the ship could not be able to perform the voyage. So some of the chief of the company, perceiving the mariners to fear the insufficiency of the ship as appeared by their mutterings, they entered into serious consultation with the master and other officers of the ship, to consider in time of the danger, and rather to return than to cast themselves into a desperate and inevitable peril. And truly there was great distraction and difference of opinion amongst the mariners themselves; fain would they do what could be done for their wages’ sake (being now near half the seas over) and on the other hand they were loath to hazard their lives too desperately. But in examining of all opinions, the master and others affirmed they knew the ship to be strong and firm under water; and for the buckling of the main beam, there was a great iron screw the passengers brought out of Holland, which would raise the beam into his place; the which being done, the carpenter and master affirmed that with a post put under it, set firm in the lower deck and otherwise bound, he would make it sufficient. And as for the decks and upper works, they would caulk them as well as they could, and though with the working of the ship they would not long keep staunch, yet there would otherwise be no great danger, if they did not over-press her with sails. So they committed themselves to the will of God and resolved to proceed.

Bradford, William. “Plymouth Plantation”, 14 June 2004. 7 April 2008.
<http://spider.georgetowncollege.edu/english/coke/bradford.htm>




Although many of the passengers on board the ship are terrified for their lives they submit to what can be called "Manifest Destiny". This, which is believed to be God's will, urges them to move forward. Many of the passengers have lost belief that the "American Dream" is not worth risking their lives on this ship, but wish to turn back. These individuals don't believe that what is promised by the Dream is really worth such risk-taking behavior. Instead, they wish to return home and remain as safe as they can. This shows that not all had the highest hopes and expectations of the American Dream.

Diary:

The journey to America was becoming increasingly frightening - as each day passed, fear began to well up in the hearts of each passenger. The crew tries to assure us that the ship is strong, but we all seem to think otherwise. Either way, I am simply ready to reach land again. However, I can only submit myself to the will of God as I wait for our arrival.

Essential Question:

The passengers on the ship wish to begin and pursue their American Dream, taking a shot at success. Although they may not even succeed, they are willing to risk their lives for a chance.

Bradstreet

To My Dear and Loving Husband
If ever two were one, then surely we.
If ever man were loved by wife, then thee;
If ever wife was happy in a man,
Compare with me, ye women, if you can.
I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold
Or all the riches that the East doth hold.
My love is such that rivers cannot quench,
Nor ought but love from thee, give recompense.
Thy love is such I can no way repay,
The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray.
Then while we live, in love let's so persevere
That when we live no more, we may live ever.



The poem reflects Anne's love for her husband, stating repetively that nothing can compare with him. She loves him unconditionally and wants him to know that she wants to spend an eternity and nothing compares with his presence. She states that she can never repay him for the love that he gives her, which also raises to thought the sentimental value of love and that nothing can ever rival the happiness it brings. In the final line she state "That when we live no more, we may live ever". By this Anne means to live on after death with her husband, likely meaning she believes in Heaven, or some other after life for her spirit.

Diary:

Love can be a powerful and enlightening thing, and the lack of love can be equally painful. Those who are in love are usually happy, and wish to spend the rest of their life, with their significant other.

Essential Question:

The American Dream entails the pursuit of happiness, which can be perceived as obtaining love when viewed in perspective. Anne Bradstreet and her husband pursue and find love-and with it happiness. This, although a much different version of the American Dream, can be considered simliar.



The Author To Her Book
Thou ill-form'd offspring of my feeble brain,
Who after birth did'st by my side remain,
Till snatcht from thence by friends, less wise than true,
Who thee abroad exps'd to public view,
Made thee in rags, halting to th' press to trudge,
Where errors were not lessened (all may judge).
At thy return my blusing was not small,
My rambling brat (in print) should mother call.
I cast thee by as one unfit for light,
Thy Visage was so irksome in my sight,
Yet being mine own, at length affection would
Thy blemishes amend, if so I could.
I wash'd thy face, but more defect I saw,
And rubbing off a spot, still made a flaw.
I stretcht thy joints to make thee even feet,
Yet still thou run'st more hobbling than is meet.
In better dress to trim thee was my mind,
But nought save home-spun Cloth, i' the' house I find.
In this array, 'mongst Vulgars mayst thou roam.
In Critics' hands, beware thous dost not come,
And take thy way where yet thou art not known.
If for thy Father askt, say, thou hadsnt none;
And for thy Mother, she alas is poor,
Which caus'd her thus to send thee out of door.



In the poem "The Author To Her Book", Anne Bradstreet begins by mentioning "offspring of my feeble mind", denoting that she is talking about her own creative inventions. She states that this friend, who for years remained by her side, was snatched away. She later writes how she constantly tried to correct flaws, and constantly tried, but was never satisfied.

It is possible Bradstreet is comparing her literary works to an imaginary (or even tangible) friend, whom she constantly tried to better. She states that this friend has no father and that her mother sent her out the door. She is referring to the book that she changed when critics viewed it.

Diary:

My latest work, I find, still misses something. I never am satisfied with what I produce, though I believe this one is particularly missing something. I've scrapped and fixed many things, and over and over I have run through different ideas to correct it. However, I still haven't found a decent way to end my work. It pains me to think my dedication may have been in vain, but I must simply persevere until a solution comes to me.


By Night When Others Soundly Slept
By night when others soundly slept
And hath at once both ease and Rest,
My waking eyes were open kept
And so to lie I found it best.
I sought him whom my Soul did Love,
With tears I sought him earnestly.
He bow'd his ear down from Above.
In vain I did not seek or cry.
My hungry Soul he fill'd with Good;
He in his Bottle put my tears,
My smarting wounds washt in his blood,
And banisht thence my Doubts and fears.
What to my Saviour shall I give
Who freely hath done this for me?
I'll serve him here whilst I shall live
And Loue him to Eternity.



In this poem, Bradstreet talks about a time when she sought God and had him fill her soul. She talks about how he banished her doubts and fears, and asks what she can do to repay her savior.

Diary:

In a saddened, empty state, I sought God as reconciliation. When I saught Him He filled me, and struck away the negativity in my life. I will also devote myself to and serve Him.

Huswifery

Huswifery
Make me, O Lord, thy Spinning Wheele compleat;
Thy Holy Worde my Distaff make for mee.
Make mine Affections thy Swift Flyers neate,
And make my Soule thy holy Spoole to bee.
My Conversation make to be thy Reele,
And reele the yarn thereon spun of thy Wheele.
Make me thy Loome then, knit therein this Twine:
And make thy Holy Spirit, Lord, winde quills:
Then weave the Web thyselfe. The yarn is fine.
Thine Ordinances make my Fulling Mills.
Then dy the same in Heavenly Colours Choice,
All pinkt with Varnish't Flowers of Paradise.
Then cloath therewith mine Understanding, Will,
Affections, Judgment, Conscience, Memory;
My Words and Actions, that their shine may fill
My wayes with glory and thee glorify.
Then mine apparell shall display before yee
That I am Cloathd in Holy robes for glory.
Edward Taylor


The speaker of Huswifery offers himself to God. He wishes for himself to be a spinning wheel, on which God to spin. He also wishes to be a loome, each of things that make him to be components. On the loome he wishes for God to spin cloth. In the end the speaker state he wishes to wear the robes spun by God in order to show that he is truly devout.

The speaker truly wants to show his love for God and offers himself to form the components to do this. The speaker wants so much to show his love for God that he wishes to make clothes to show it. Instead of asking to be handed these clothes he truly wants to have clothes to show that he alone is truly devout. The speaker is truly devout and wishes to be close to God above all.

Diary:

I have never considered myself a "religious" or "spiritual" person, though I do believe in the ideals posed in the Bible. I don't try to claim a reward for my actions, but I think that everyone should lead a moral and ethical life, and the Bible outlines what that is rather well. The Ten Commandments are a good example. Even though I'm not pious, or even devout at all, I truly believe those who live a good life do deserve to be rewarded, in some way or other.

Essential Question:

The American Dream of a better life, though in a different respect, inspires Edward Taylor to pursue his religious believes and that by doing so he will be rewarded by God. This dream inspires hope for him to show his devoutness.

Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God

http://www.piney.com/JonEdwSinHands.html

Excerpt from "Sinners At the Hands of An Angry God"

There is no want of power in God to cast wicked men into hell at any moment. Men's hands cannot be strong when God rises up. The strongest have no power to resist him, nor can any deliver out of his hands. -- He is not only able to cast wicked men into hell, but he can most easily do it. Sometimes an earthly prince meets with a great deal of difficulty to subdue a rebel, who has found means to fortify himself, and has made himself strong by the numbers of his followers. But it is not so with God. There is no fortress that is any defence from the power of God. Though hand join in hand, and vast multitudes of God's enemies combine and associate themselves, they are easily broken in pieces. They are as great heaps of light chaff before the whirlwind; or large quantities of dry stubble before devouring flames. We find it easy to tread on and crush a worm that we see crawling on the earth; so it is easy for us to cut or singe a slender thread that any thing hangs by: thus easy is it for God, when he pleases, to cast his enemies down to hell. What are we, that we should think to stand before him, at whose rebuke the earth trembles, and before whom the rocks are thrown down?





If and when God were to strike against any human He would be stronger without question. Edwards states that if He were to be angry he could "cast wicked men into Hell", and he would have no trouble doing so. This removes much sense of security and safety as a human as the realization that God completely controls your existence and your placement in an after-life occurs.

Diary:

I've come to the realization that, despite the safeties promised by the following of God, if one does commit illicit acts and heinous crimes they are subjugated to the will and wrath of the God they follow. At any moment He is capable of striking down or rewarding humans as He sees fit. We are powerless against Him and can never hope to change that. All we can do is continue to lead what can be called "a good life" and hope that we please our God.

Equaino's Slave Narrative

http://www.wsu.edu:8000/~dee/Equiano.html

Excerpt from "The Life of Gustavus Vassa"

One white man in particular I saw, when we were permitted to be on deck, flogged so unmercifully with a large rope near the foremast, that he died in consequence of it; and they tossed him over the side as they would have done a brute. This made me fear these people the more; and I expected nothing less than to be treated in the same manner. I could not help expressing my fears and apprehensions to some of my countrymen; I asked them if these people had no country, but lived in this hollow place? (the ship) they told me they did not, but came from a distant one. 'Then,' said I, 'how comes it in all our country we never heard of them?' They told me because they lived so very far off. I then asked where were their women? had they any like themselves? I was told they had. 'And why,' said I, 'do we not see them?' They answered, because they were left behind. I asked how the vessel could go? they told me they could not tell; but that there was cloth put upon the masts by the help of the ropes I saw, and then the vessel went on; and the white men had some spell or magic they put in the water when they liked, in order to stop the vessel. I was exceedingly amazed at this account, and really thought they were spirits. I therefore wished much to be from amongst them, for I expected they would sacrifice me; but my wishes were vainÑ-for we were so quartered that it was impossible for any of us to make our escape.

The slaves were brutally abused and many suffered serious wounds, or were killed, from the abuse they received from their masters. Equaino recalls the flogging he witnessed on board the ship, telling just how grotesque it was.

Diary:

Today I witnessed yet another death on the deck of the ships. For stealing some extra food, one of the slaves was punished with 40 floggings. Near the end, his body spasmed and went limp. Soon after, it seems, he passed away.

When will this unfair suffering end? We have done nothing to deserve this and wish only for it to end. Still, we pray for some kind of miracle and release from our captivity, but the days pass uneventfully...

Essential Question:

Although the slaves were brought over to America during this period, they were not given a chance at obtaining the American Dream. However, had they been given an opportunity as the European Americans they may have just as easily reached fame and fortune.

Revolution

Patrick Henry


http://www.liberty-page.com/foundingdocs/givemeliberty/main.html

Excerpt from "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death"

Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts. Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the numbers of those who, having eyes, see not, and, having ears, hear not, the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, whatever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the whole truth, to know the worst, and to provide for it.

I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the last ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been pleased to solace themselves and the House. Is it that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately received?

Patrick Henry asks for, in his speech, Liberty from Britain.

Thomas Paine

http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Rosemary_Dibben/English11/NewNation/PaineCrisis1.pdf